Helicobacter pylori y cáncer gástrico
Resumen
El cáncer gástrico continúa siendo unas de las neoplasias más frecuentes en el mundo con cerca de un millón de nuevos casos y 700.000 muertes por año y en Colombia, de acuerdo a los datos del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, ocupa el primer lugar en incidencia y en mortalidad, datos comparables a países como Costa rica, Perú, Chile, ecuador y Japón entre otros. Siendo el cáncer gástrico una enfermedad de tan alta morbilidad y mortalidad se ha intentado identificar los factores etiológicos asociados a ésta neoplasia. Antes del descubrimiento de Helicobacter pylori, éste se atribuía al estrés, a factores medioambientales usualmente relacionados con el individuo, la dieta y el entorno. Con el descubrimiento en 1983 por Warren y Marshall de Helicobacter pylori, se propuso la etiología infecciosa de esta enfermedad y se ha llegado afirmar que «la infección por Helicobacter pylori es un condición sine qua non para el desarrollo del cáncer gástrico» y que la solución definitiva de esta neoplasia partiría de la erradicación de la bacteria en todos los infectados o en la vacunación de toda la población, principalmente en las zonas de más alto riesgo. En este módulo se analizará la relación de Helicobacter pylori y el cáncer gástrico.
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Referencias bibliográficas
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