Toxoplasmosis
Resumen
La toxoplasmosis es una zoonosis mundial causada por Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), un parásito intracelular que infecta varios tejidos, incluyendo el músculo esquelético, el intestino y el sistema nervioso. Su ciclo de vida incluye una fase intestinal (sexual) en gatos y otros felinos, y una fase extraintestinal (asexual) en felinos y no felinos. Esta fase extraintestinal se puede presentar en el hombre y en otras especies de sangre caliente, en quienes se manifiesta la enfermedad. Las personas se pueden infectar mediante la ingestión de carne mal cocida que contenga quistes de T. gondii y por la ingestión de ooquistes a partir de heces de gatos infectados. El riesgo de transmisión congénita en una madre gestante que se infecta por primera vez con el parásito puede ser hasta del 90% en el tercer trimestre, si no recibe tratamiento. En pacientes inmunocomprometidos, como los que padecen SIDA, una infección latente puede reactivarse causando enfermedad severa y hasta la muerte. Unas pruebas de laboratorio aplicadas e interpretadas en forma adecuada pueden ser de gran utilidad en los diferentes escenarios de esta enfermedad.
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Referencias bibliográficas
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