Influenza A
Resumen
La influenza es una enfermedad viral aguda que afecta una gran parte de la población mundial cada año. Es producida por los virus de la influenza, los cuales pertenecen a la familia Orthomyxoviridae. Se conocen tres tipos: A, B y C; los virus tipo A afectan una gran variedad de especies animales, incluyendo la humana, en tanto que los tipos B y C usualmente se limitan al hombre, aunque se han aislado de focas y cerdos, respectivamente. Los virus de la influenza tienen la capacidad de producir epidemias y pandemias, debido a que constantemente se están generando nuevas cepas que logran evadir cualquier respuesta inmune previa en los hospederos. Su genoma, dividido en ocho segmentos, le permite intercambiar material genético con virus de otras especies que estén infectando una misma célula, facilitándose así la transmisión a otros hospederos. Actualmente se está presentando una amplia epidemia, causada por un virus nuevo de origen porcino, denominado A(H1N1), la cual tiene a todos los países en alerta máxima por temor a una nueva pandemia. Es necesario que los gobiernos nacionales ejerzan medidas de control eficaces para evitar una mayor diseminación de este virus y disminuir sus consecuencias nefastas.
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