Hepatitis C
Resumen
La hepatitis C es una enfermedad causada por el virus de la hepatitis C y es la principal causa de cirrosis y trasplante hepático en el mundo occidental. Se estima que el 3% de la población mundial está infectada por este virus. La mayoría de las infecciones son asintomáticas y cuando se manifiestan aparecen síntomas inespecíficos como fatiga, náusea, mialgias y fiebre, que pueden hacer difícil el diagnóstico inicial. En la progresión de la enfermedad a la etapa crónica participan factores relacionados con el virus, el hospedero y también algunos factores externos. El hallazgo de unas pruebas de laboratorio anormales o signos de cirrosis debe hacer pensar en una hepatitis C. Para el diagnóstico se dispone de pruebas serológicas y virológicas; las serológicas detectan anticuerpos contra el virus, en tanto que las virológicas detectan el RNA viral. La gran variedad de cuasiespecies y la variabilidad del virus de la hepatitis C no han permitido hasta ahora la síntesis de una vacuna que brinde protección.
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