Hepatitis B
Resumen
El virus de la hepatitis B es un agente viral común que infecta de forma crónica casi 400 millones de personas en el mundo, las cuales tienen un riesgo permanente de desarrollar cirrosis y/o carcinoma hepatocelular. La historia natural de la infección por este virus es dinámica, ya que los pacientes pueden fluctuar entre periodos con inflamación hepática y periodos con enfermedad inactiva. En la progresión de la enfermedad participan varios factores como el genotipo viral infectante, la edad al momento de la infección y el sexo masculino, entre otros. Las personas con alto riesgo de infección por el virus de la hepatitis B, deben ser evaluadas serológicamente y de ser negativas para la infección, deben ser vacunadas. Si por el contrario, se encuentran infectadas, deberán ser monitorizadas hasta descartar una progresión a la infección crónica, y si ésta se presenta, deberán ser seguidas de por vida con el fin de tratar de controlar el desarrollo de una posible cirrosis, o en el peor de los casos, de un carcinoma hepatocelular.
Descargas
Referencias bibliográficas
Dienstag JL. Hepatitis B virus infection. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1486-1500. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra0801644
Agudelo C, Alzate I, Restrpo JC. Infección hepática crónica por el virus de la hepatitis B: una revisión con énfasis en los aspectos terapéuticos. Iatreia 2009; 22: 55-66.
Lurman A. Eine icterus epidemic. Berl Klin Woschenschr 1885; 22: 20-23.
Seeger C, Zoulim F, Mason WS. Hepadnaviruses. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, Griffin DE, et al. (eds). Fields Virology, 5th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers; pp. 2977-3029, 2007.
Blumberg BS. Australia antigen and the biology of hepatitis B. Science 1977; 197: 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.325649
Lutwick LI, Robinson WS. DNA synthesized in the hepatitis B Dane particle DNA polymerase reaction. J Virol 1977; 21: 96-104. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.21.1.96-104.1977
Chen HS, Kaneko S, Girones R, Anderson RW, Hornbuckle WE, Tennant BC, et al. The woodchuck hepatitis virus X gene is important for establishment of virus infection in woodchucks. J Virol 1993; 67: 1218- 1226. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.67.3.1218-1226.1993
Zoulim F, Saputelli J, Seeger C. Woodchuck hepatitis virus X protein is required for viral infection in vivo. J Virol 1994; 68: 2026-2030. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.68.3.2026-2030.1994
McMahon BJ. Epidemiology and natural history of hepatitis B. Semin Liver Dis 2005; 25 Suppl 1: 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-915644
Carey WD. The prevalence and natural history of hepatitis B in the 21st century. Cleve Clin J Med 2009; 76 Suppl 3: S2-5. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.76.s3.01
CDC. Hepatitis B. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/ pinkbook/downloads/hepb.pdf. Accessed May 11, 2011.
Starkman SE, MacDonald DM, Lewis JC, Holmes EC, Simmonds P. Geographic and species association of hepatitis B virus genotypes in non-human primates. Virology 2003; 314: 381-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0042-6822(03)00430-6
Hu X, Margolis HS, Purcell RH, Ebert J, Robertson BH. Identification of hepatitis B virus indigenous to chimpanzees. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97: 1661-1664. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1661
Beasley RP, Hwang LY, Lee GC, Lan CC, Roan CH, Huang FY, et al. Prevention of perinatally transmitted hepatitis B virus infections with hepatitis B virus infections with hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine. Lancet 1983; 2: 1099-1102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(83)90624-4
Bond WW, Favero MS, Petersen NJ, Gravelle CR, Ebert JW, Maynard JE. Survival of hepatitis B virus after drying and storage for one week. Lancet 1981; 1: 550-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(81)92877-4
Fong TL, Di Bisceglie AM, Biswas R, Waggoner JG, Wilson L, Claggett J, et al. High levels of viral replication during acute hepatitis B infection predict progres- sion to chronicity. J Med Virol 1994; 43: 155-158. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.1890430210
Nakamoto Y, Kaneko S. Mechanisms of viral hepatitis induced liver injury. Curr Mol Med 2003; 3: 537-544. https://doi.org/10.2174/1566524033479591
Fattovich G. Natural history of hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2003; 39 Suppl 1: S50-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(03)00139-9
Navas MC, Restrepo JC. Virus de las hepatitis. Fundamentos Básicos de Medicina. Microbiología de las infecciones humanas. CIM 2007; 472-486.
de Franchis R, Meucci G, Vecchi M, Tatarella M, Co- lombo M, Del Ninno E, et al. The natural history of asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 191-194. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-3-199302010-00006
Pungpapong S, Kim WR, Poterucha JJ. Natural history of hepatitis B virus infection: an update for clinicians. Mayo Clin Proc 2007; 82: 967-975. https://doi.org/10.4065/82.8.967
Hoofnagle JH. Serologic markers of hepatitis B virus infection. Annu Rev Med 1981; 32: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.me.32.020181.000245
Ribeiro RM, Lo A, Perelson AS. Dynamics of hepatitis B virus infection. Microbes Infect 2002; 4: 829-835. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1286-4579(02)01603-9
Hyams KC. Risks of chronicity following acute hepatitis B virus infection: a review. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20: 992-1000. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/20.4.992
Lavanchy D. Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures. J Viral Hepat 2004; 11: 97- 107. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2893.2003.00487.x
McMahon BJ. The natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 2009; 49: S45-55. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.22898
Livingston SE, Simonetti JP, Bulkow LR, Homan CE, Snowball MM, Cagle HH, et al. Clearance of hepatitis B e antigen in patients with chronic hepatitis B and genotypes A, B, C, D, and F. Gastroenterology 2007; 133: 1452-1457. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2007.08.010
Yim HJ, Lok AS. Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: what we knew in 1981 and what we know in 2005. Hepatology 2006; 43: S173-181. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.20956
Hui CK, Leung N, Yuen ST, Zhang HY, Leung KW, Lu L, et al. Natural history and disease progression in Chi- nese chronic hepatitis B patients in immune-tolerant phase. Hepatology 2007; 46: 395-401. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21724
Rockey DC. Antifibrotic therapy in chronic liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 3: 95-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00445-8
Liaw YF, Sung JJ, Chow WC, Farrell G, Lee CZ, Yuen H, et al. Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1521-1531. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa033364
Martinot-Peignoux M, Boyer N, Colombat M, Akremi R, Pham BN, Ollivier S, et al. Serum hepatitis B virus DNA levels and liver histology in inactive HBsAg carriers. J Hepatol 2002; 36: 543-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(02)00004-1
Zacharakis GH, Koskinas J, Kotsiou S, Papoutselis M, Tzara F, Vafeiadis N, et al. Natural history of chronic HBV infection: a cohort study with up to 12 years follow-up in North Greece (part of the Interreg I-II/EC- project). J Med Virol 2005; 77: 173-179. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.20434
Hoofnagle JH, Dusheiko GM, Seeff LB, Jones EA, Waggoner JG, Bales ZB. Seroconversion from hepatitis B e antigen to antibody in chronic type B hepatitis. Ann Intern Med 1981; 94: 744-748. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-6-744
Métricas
