Uso de clorhexidina y su papel preventivo en las infecciones del torrente sanguíneo asociadas a catéteres en los recién nacidos: revisión de tema
Resumen
Las infecciones asociadas al cuidado de la salud representan un problema de salud pública y son un indicador de la calidad en prestación y gestión en salud. Es por esto que ha sido necesaria la creación de programas de vigilancia y control epidemiológico, y la adaptación e implementación de guías para su prevención. Estas estrategias mejoran la seguridad del paciente y deben ser una prioridad para las instituciones. En este contexto, la infección asociada a catéter es la más común de las infecciones asociadas al cuidado de la salud, principalmente en la población pediátrica, siendo los neonatos los más susceptibles a causa de la inmadurez de sus barreras primarias y sistema inmunológico, y a la alta frecuencia de procedimientos invasivos como los accesos vasculares para la administración de medicamentos o la nutrición parenteral. Actualmente existen múltiples medidas para prevenir dichas infecciones en pediatría y la tendencia es crear estrategias bien estructuradas para facilitar su aplicación. La higiene de manos continúa siendo un pilar fundamental dentro de todos los protocolos para disminuir las tasas de infección asociadas al cuidado de la salud; sin embargo, se requiere de nuevas estrategias para la prevención de las mismas, como el uso de la clorhexidina como antiséptico tópico previo a la inserción de dispositivos intravasculares y el aseo rutinario en pacientes con catéteres centrales, lo cual es el objeto de revisión de este manuscrito.
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