Principales herramientas epigenéticas para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de neoplasias hematológicas
Resumen
El análisis exhaustivo de los patrones de metilación del ADN es una parte fundamental para entender las bases moleculares del desarrollo y progresión de las neoplasias hematológicas, debido a que la hipermetilación en regiones promotoras afecta directamente vías carcinogénicas y conduce a la inactivación de genes involucrados en procesos celulares fundamentales como el ciclo celular y la apoptosis. En esta revisión de literatura se presenta una descripción de las técnicas más utilizadas para el estudio de la metilación: la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa específica de la metilación (MSP), el análisis combinado restricción bisulfito (COBRA), la secuenciación dependiente de bisulfito (BSP), la pirosecuenciación con bisulfito y las técnicas basadas en micromatrices; describiendo su principio, aplicación en la investigación de las neoplasias hematológicas y algunas de sus fortalezas y debilidades.
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