Hemoglobina reticulocitaria: un nuevo parámetro del hemograma de gran valor en el diagnóstico y manejo de la eritropoyesis deficiente en hierro
Resumen
La incorporación de los autoanalizador de hematología al laboratorio clínico no solo mejoró la calidad de los resultados de los parámetros convencionales del hemograma sino que ha permitido, especialmente con aquellos de última generación, introducir nuevos parámetros de gran utilidad clínica. Uno de los nuevos parámetros es la hemoglobina reticulocitaria, la cual se vislumbra como una potente herramienta en el diagnóstico y el manejo de la eritropoyesis deficiente en hierro en sus diferentes manifestaciones, en particular la deficiencia absoluta de hierro, la deficiencia funcional de hierro y el secuestro del hierro. La hemoglobina reticulocitaria en todos los casos en donde hay eritropoyesis deficiente en hierro es el primer parámetro detectable en el hemograma y, a su vez, es el primero que se normaliza cuando la terapia administrada ha sido la adecuada; además, ha demostrado ser costo eficiente, sobre todo por ser un parámetro del hemograma más que una prueba adicional. El único problema, hasta el momento, es que solo está disponible en algunos autoanalizadores de hematología como los de las compañías Siemens y Sysmex, en sus modelos de cuarta generación, también conocidos como hemograma tipo VI o hemograma ampliado o extendido. Con el presente módulo se pretende presentar este nuevo parámetro que la comunidad médica debe incorporar como propio y los laboratorios clínicos deberían estar preparados para incorporarlo a sus portafolios de servicios, como una nueva herramienta complementaria en la prevención, la detección y el manejo de la eritropoyesis deficiente en hierro en sus diversas manifestaciones.
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